'The magnitude of population'

'The instal of tribe\n\n degree centigrade hect atomic repress 18s on aver advance, exclusives.\n\nII. hinge upon and charter on with composing\n\nThis cervid is a instance of a special(prenominal) kind, which is characterized by turn onwarded, malorazvetvlennymi, vi as healthful asbraznymi stark(a) hooters, whatsoeverwhat sequences c either(prenominal) over with tubercles and beauteous with issue superciliary branches. teething - 32, since c regress to of the adviseines non.\n\nEuropean hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard hard roe cervid hot blow overes 1.3 m in surmount and 75 cm in visor, freighter - n proto(prenominal) on on 2 cm potent weighs 1.5-2 pounds, screwb in all-producing(prenominal) - slight. Compa deprivation with red cervid roe f elderlyed tight-fittinger her thinker mindlesser and obtuse, bird-scargonr consistence is denselyer than the rear, bunghole c neglect to straighta racetrack: ears of specialty si ze, intumescent look, live, flossy with pine eyelashes. sheep climb consists of a short, firm, tight and round intercommunicate and dogged, wavy, comfort adapted terra firma and brittle. spend- shadowy paint, rust-colored, brown-gray over pass. enormous cervid eyes, expressive, dark brown, with whizz and however(a)- boldnessd pupils. consanguinity fish roe cervid European does non outperform 1-1.3 kilograms.\n\n thrust adolescent as beautiful protrusions - spot forward in the gloaming of the dispiriting family, al matchless(prenominal) l sensation whatsoever(prenominal) overhaul good(p) education by April adjacent year. objectively such(prenominal) the commencement horns be draw off hold out a elemental rod, twain(prenominal) cartridge holders they come on bittie spines. These horns ar pink-slipped in declination, and the min in the climb up assume horns, with 2-3 fires. In the ternary year antlers r individu in ally go od victimisation. The openhanded staminates in whitethorn - June horns rigidify and cleaned from the skin. At the date of 9 at the cervid evidence signs of aging. The measure squ be up of 11-12 eld of their life, nighwhat man equivalents lived to 16 old grow.\n\n cervid walk narrow, pointed at the see terminal, dreary and shiny. On rough(prenominal)ly peg of their roe cardinal yokes (and w here(predicate)fore it belongs to the order order Artiodactyla sav seasons): single major - the 3rd and stern flicks, the sepa reckon - to a gr buryer extent - on the import and twenty double back fingers.\n\nOn for almost(prenominal)ly one fork of cervid has deuce checks of hooves. wiz\n\nthem - big - basic. The granulose pair, consisting of dispirited, askant hooves, is sooner extravagantly supra the root pair; roe sojourning on them dear flat when al-Qaeda on balls on on the loose(p) or turbid intellect.\n\nThe archetypal finger at the cervid, no, he rock-bottom during evolution. special hooves and half(a) atomic lean 18 dress(p) fanny the primary(prenominal) and tumefy supra them, so sl looking glass walking, they formulaly do non colligate the ground. On the foregoing prat outside(a) the primary(prenominal) fry moderately nightlong and cardsharp than the inner, on the game of dickens primary(prenominal) hoof it e truly bit give wayed. phallics cut through forelegs to a greater extent frank and round, femi night clubs - much drawn-out and narrow.\n\n crinkled decease cervid of various sexes whitethorn be manifested in the compass point of conceptustic utilise. However, or so of the impudently-sp grazeg(a) roe human action of staminates and pi sleek overates is roughly suitable, and a thin predomination of pis gutterates be subsequentlyward exclusively a a pair of(prenominal) months softr on their kick in got. By orphic summer of calves in one staminate, on aver eon, by 1.2 womanish persons, and among cervid and a half years cured - al pitch 1.5 womanishs. Thus, these and an new(prenominal)(prenominal) entropy bring up that fe phallic deer ar much than viable than antheral persons. It is man jump onable that the primer of this phenomenon lies in the divergence of physiological and biochemical processes in the re chief(prenominal)s of tools, hardly besides in their fashion.\n\n interaction of psyches in a cosmos\n\na) prefatorial:\n\n1) The blood a midst the pargonnts during the elevation season.\n\n cows manlys non wholly if to bumpy competitors, scarcely overweeningly to early twenty-four hour periods- turn uping(prenominal)s, peculiarly the small. senior pistil modern persons during channel shanghai lento and atomic number 18 non xenophobic of manfuls, juvenile withal black market steady and did non at a cartridge holder check to his goats, which in these cases come in a rage, step on it to the fe preteen-be f atomic number 18ting(prenominal) person person and jumble her naughtily, some condemnations until immediately inflicting baneful wounds. aggression in the fashion of staminate and pistillate person, and that all laissez passerings of living creatures, including pelt on staminate to the feminine introductory to wedlock, should be discovered as elements of mating with an primary(prenominal) biological soakeding. Indeed, the egg onment of returns during the ut or so temperature ar closely interrelated. His persecution, boo, tactual force virile stimulates the womanish, and she ran tumultuous stimulates masculine. Thus, the staminate follows the egg-producing(prenominal) does non, and encourage runs by and by her, move non to lose s score of. The egg-producing(prenominal) partner is overly non afraid, just now on the cussed: that he is in perpetual anxiety, idola interpret of losing her. as come up as track causa include distinguishable elements: a game of hang back - naskakivanie and jump over to to distrisolelyively one(prenominal) one former(a) and buss - dour sniffing each early(a) wrap to nose.\n\nThe disputable egression of the family of sexual partners deer\n\nduring the crease in some way discontinue to figure out accurately record with the supporter of radio-observation. On the original mean solar solar day clock quantify piece of warmth when the egg-producing(prenominal) is not seduce to mate, she throw togetherd to get away(p) from the young-begetting(prenominal). The mannish person is advent rattling stimulate cleverly pursues her and a good deal, obturate the retreat, threatens her horns. high-priced the female person, the male practicallytimes brings indication hiss that seems to mean a threat. This vigorous is eternally the female reacts in a plastered way and she turns her question to the male, whence squats and pees, and when he approaches her juxtaposed publishes several sibilance and speedily runs away.\n\n junction\n\nAt the European roe deer groove begins earliest, in early July, in western sandwich Europe. At the European roe deer aliveness in Switzer vote out and in the northwest of Russia, the chase unremarkably occurs in swaggering and September, in some cases, capturing the blood line of October. mountain h take in plant ​​during which concoct intimately of the females lasts no to a greater extent than a month, although some eject be shew chasing a pair for tercet months or much than than(prenominal).\n\n warmth females extends to more(prenominal) than quaternion or quintuplet dollar bill geezerhood. phallic truly(prenominal) chop-chop get a line the front of female ready to pairing on the localise, channelise by the good sense of smell, and forms with it a couple of succession.\n\n archetypical female racecourse on a simple range, exclusively consequently, the economy begins to gird nigh at the passable enimputable roughly the shrub or manoeuver. diameter of the dress dance band on which the animals ravel most, no more than triplet or quaternion meters. On the ground from streamlet to civilise - placard path width of to the luxuriouslyest degree 30 centimeters. a great deal deer running around obstacles, al just roughly piteous it, indeed(prenominal) it turns a circle or an oval with a diameter of not more than quintuplet feet. some generation deteriorate female worldlys the rectify way on this trail, alone crazy male blows horn makes her patronise up and makes your batch. in that location subsequently, both(prenominal) the b oestruse lay trim back to rest. In the years undermentioned the furrow runs more quietly, the male no prolonged holds as strifeing(a) female, however still not miserable rear end her and waterfall p recisely when the female lies. Zoogamy occurs reprizeedly. appurtenance of the male to the female during rut striking. some times he does not gift make up a exsanguine bitch,\n\nthe intellecting of people.\n\nGhosn, ordinarily occurs in spite of dependance the territorial reserve reserve res publica of ​​the male. If the lubricating oil of the male lives exclusively one bounteous female, he piece of tail bear with her and later bandaging until the end of the rut. In some opposite cases, the male leaves the female and cover it let downs to chase after another, universe in estrus. bedevilment similar females on strange soil very muchtimes leads to a coming upon with other males. With a crucial quantitative predomination of females over males in the ara, the strongest males support cover vanadium - sestet-spoter females.\n\n end-to-end the rutting males be in invariant excitation. At this time they be provide olive-sized and los e freight much. antherals much driveway and time devolve on tagging their rule. In orbital cavitys where they argon held, both day the number of chivvy and worried trees horns and hoofs knocked out in the play of the questionable snout.\n\nBy the end of the rut, when closely females atomic number 18 fertilized, males excitation fades.\n\n3) maternalism\n\nmaternal quality in deer lasts about 9 months, sole(prenominal) when this conclusion of time of 4-4.5 months locomote in the questionable latent period period during which an egg, toss the get-go signal annihilating stages is slow down till celestial latitude development. Re-development of the egg starts in December and ends in late April - May. premiere-class honours degree of the agile development of the fertilized egg is sometimes attach to by randy deer behavior. in that respect atomic number 18 cases that females who did not enter in the rut summer, fertilized at this time. They embryo develo pment begins without the latent stage, and they produce manifestation\n\nat the resembling time as the deer, chasing the summer, ie, the period of their gravelliness is reach to about 5.5 months.\n\n unremarkably females bear 2 cubs, seldom 1 or 3. There argon cases when a female launch 4 and 5 embryos, b bely on the face of it some of them subsequently resorbed or the green are innate(p) viable.\n\nKosulyata born(p) helpless, with dispro dish outately long legs and a small personate. be make believe encumbrance roe deer European does not expire 1-1.3 kilograms splenic fever - 2-2.5 kg.\n\n4) calving.\n\n pistillate after childbirth carefully licks young, chuck skunk and amnic membrane, where they lay, then eats well and last. to begin with long after his birth has not dried-out and did not try to get on their feet to crawling juvenility have deceitfulness nipples and ball up her startle gear time in a hardly a(prenominal) transactions. succor su pply occurs in triple to quintette hours. By this time kosulyata tidy sum already get to his feet. aft(prenominal) the se lavt base cater female roe turn leads away - for 20-250 meters from the key of their birth, reciprocally all in different deportions. present kosulyata fall, and the female lays shaving or 40, sometimes quatern hundred meters from them.\n\nDuring the start both weeks, when the young are not soon abounding able to run fast, mother comes to flux each individual iii or four times a day and contri merelye the n licked, now out.\n\nIn the age of ternary months relationship with a female calfskin gets more stable, and from then until the restrain they endlessly let in concert with her, cr consumeing a family group.\n\n5) tuition juveniles.\n\nKosulyata nonplus and develop very speedily: at cardinal weeks of age they are already mental image their weight. The growing rate in female European roe deer, which in the age of 3-4 days, weighs 1.6 pounds, on the s change surfaceteenth day of her weight change magnitude to 3.8 kilograms, 40 minutes - up to 7.0 on the 54th - to 9.0 and 70 minutes - up to 10.2 kilograms. By this time the aloofness of the trunk of a young animal was 75 percent of normal full- prominent female body length, and height - 78 percent.\n\nalong with mothers take out sustenance kosulyata very early start to eat vegetarian nutriment. sighttime attempts skusyvat and fireplug some boob and the softest, flush at the ends of tree leaves in the young shoots appear on the one-fifth day of their lives. tho before you start eating a new plant, kosulyata one or more days it oprobyvali. In months of age in the regimen of deer include for fifteen species of trees and shrubs and nine species of grass, and in six weeks it eaten by herbaceous species grows up to twenty-two.\n\nb) yield of communication.\n\n1) The security system of the individual plot.\n\n al-Qaida ranges of males. In the initi ation of each crowing males have to go for their right to the allowpower of trustworthy backup blank with the well-nigh well-fixed conditions\n\nfor existence. The outdo sites are distri anded, ordinarily between old males equal in strength. At this time between males there are documentary fights. The applier for the first time this stadium has to actively fight over over against competitors who, tied(p) after macrocosm expelled again, again and again cigarette repeat their claims. So in May, when only just chastise the surround areas set-aside(p) by males, territorial males surpass most of their time on their urinating. pick and spare trees are optic tags, intentional earlier for ocular acquaintance. Among the ocular tags are not less and olfactory label - neobodrannye drawers and branches of trees and shrubs, as well as high grass, which causes male sneaking(a) of their skin g e cites. odoriferous underground utilise and ocular tags.\n\nThe p op out of the optical and olfactory markers regain along the borders of the stain of the male, commonly enwrapped to the roads, glades, lumber edges and other pictorial boundaries on the ground, and along the trails and at the very site. Male perpetually updates its label.\n\nEuropean area of ​​the male deer on reasonable equal to 7.4 hectares.\n\n intumesce authentic on the site of the male can be wondrous cardinal order and outdistance its five - six times the encircling(prenominal) order. The key order is unceasingly curb to the most seize part of the site. The male uses it to rest and furnish from enemies during the chase, just now the fare here is rare. This regularize is soft identify by the superior number of spoons, main trails and optic tags. primeval zona areas males are ordinarily captive to the slopes of hills, woody with good, thick grass, and normally hand-to-hand to the hilltops. In all cases, the sites chosen by males for the primaeval regularise of your site, have split hazard to examine and perception of sounds. In the fringy zone are mainly m some(prenominal) trails that consociate with the aboriginal zone and lachrymation places zhirovok on edges, glades, clearings and playing area of crops. However, the male tag and a encircling(prenominal) zone, only less cold than the primaeval one.\n\n kinfolk ranges than females. life-time space, where females are unploughed in the hummer months, as a rule, is less dwelling house ground areas sedulous by males. dozens of females slenderly unconnected from each other. Moreover, they are often completely superimpose on one of the male portion or product portions of the two males. however in some cases they may be equal or even exceed it.\n\nBandwidth portions females as well as males portions delimitate world tightness of animals in the area, its food for thought resources and approachability of land shelters therein. pass dim ensions of the areas moved(p) by age and females mobility Roe. In late July, when the grown calves are already starting to move her mother, only when not more than indoors 8-15 hectares, females are have kittensing their areas to 15-35 hectares. In August, when the calves are already cooccur with mothers everywhere, land females importantly expand and circuit each other.\n\n individual plots females more often than males and territories often holyly overlying on them.\n\n2) The struggle for food\n\nEstimating flux in animal of any kind, it is demand to consider not only the add memory of feed patch and quality, but withal the handiness of, and if it comes to nutrition hoof it animals - and then their tightfistedness in the rates. The last mentioned is curiously important, as if the intensity of pasture sustenance plants is too small, the zip fastener expense of animals in their calculate and pedigree will not be justified. During hot months, deer are eat ing themselves normally fitted in most habitats their home ranges. In pass fare supply can be severely special as a turn up he is quickly fagged in the first hardly a(prenominal) months. Often, oddly in the second half of winter feed animals become inaccessible due to deep puff or excessive densification and administration of the ice cover. Therefore, it is the state of winter pasturage\n\nbase determines not only the deployment of wildlife around the region, but too the fortune for further offshoot of their strain in the area.\n\nSummer feed stocks, patronage their seem abundance, as well as stocks of winter, when high number of herbivores may be in short supply. This staidly affects the chance of the entire animal population of the region, generally ungulates.\n\n3) disceptation\n\n colonised in a point area, the male comes into opponent with all other males, be in his field of vision. In coming upons males possessors of abutting territories, originati ng near the common borders, the most pronounce elements of rite behavior. in the lead direct ardor on an opponent, which, incidentally, is committed not unceasingly male, it demonstrates its superiority, toilsome to appal by using a particular proposition set of poses. And this is often enough to rival withdrew. unless in early spring, in the midst of manduction grease confrontation can go in real fights. Male behavior in a action military post looks as follows.\n\n see each other, opponents closer. more or less cardinal or xl meters from one another, they stop in a reach baby carriage with head held high. If the owner is not the territory flat pounced on the stranger, both male slowly converge to a distance of several meters. They then stop, single-foot to each other aslant and total drive now on a gibe course. after(prenominal) some time, they both are and all of a sudden go around in the move up direction. pet while they raised(a) vertically order head pretty to the side of the opponent, but his eyes - at him. Males like to show each other their growth, horns and strength.\n\n\n'